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BIOPSIES

A breast biopsy is a diagnostic test in which a part of the lesion that is considered suspicious is removed.

An ultrasound-guided breast biopsy may be performed when an ultrasound study of the breast shows an abnormality such as:
- A suspicious solid mass
- A distortion in the structure of the breast tissue
- An area of abnormal tissue change

Profits
The procedure is less invasive than surgical biopsy, leaves little or no scarring, and can be performed in less than an hour.
Ultrasound imaging does not use ionizing radiation.
Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy provides tissue samples that can show whether a breast tumor is benign or malignant.
Compared to stereotactic breast biopsy, the ultrasound method is faster and avoids the need for exposure to ionizing radiation.
With ultrasound, it is possible to follow the movement of the biopsy needle as it moves through the breast tissue.
Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy can evaluate masses under the arm or near the chest wall, which are difficult to reach with stereotactic biopsy.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy is less expensive than other biopsy methods, such as open surgical biopsy or stereotactic biopsy.
Recovery time is short and patients can soon resume their normal activities.

Breast Biopsy

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Percutaneous liver biopsy with histopathological analysis is a valuable tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment in liver diseases. Its performance guided by ultrasound is useful, since it allows the procedure to be carried out in a safer way, reducing the risk of complications and the hospital stay.

Indications for percutaneous liver biopsy
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Transaminasemia
- Chronic liver disease
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Focal tumors and lesions
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Graft rejection
- Cholestasis

Liver Biopsy

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The purpose of fine needle aspiration (FNA) is to obtain diagnostic material for cytology study.

It is considered a diagnostic means, admittedly with a very low probability of error.

It is considered as a simple technique; However, we must point out that, like other techniques, the training of the specialists in taking the sample and the cytopathologist who diagnoses it is required, if the problems of false positives (FP), false negatives (FN) and Insufficient or not useful material for diagnosis.

In lymph nodes, it is indicated as a diagnostic procedure for patients with persistent lymphadenopathy of an unspecified nature.
Its great utility lies in its ability to confirm metastatic carcinomas in sites where the lymph nodes are palpable or in cases of deep adenopathies with the support of ultrasound or radiographic studies. It plays an important role in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, their staging and for the screening of relapses, as well as for other diagnoses of lymph node diseases, whether inflammatory or neoplasm.

It is a highly sensitive and specific method from a diagnostic point of view.

Mainly in:
- Neck
- Axillary
- Abdominal
- Groin

Lymph Node Biopsy

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Muscle biopsy is a procedure used to diagnose diseases that affect muscle tissue. It consists of extracting tissues and cells from a specific muscle and examining them under a microscope.

Muscle biopsies can be done to diagnose neuromuscular disorders, infections that affect the muscle, and other abnormalities in muscle tissue. Here are some of the conditions that can be diagnosed with a muscle biopsy:

Muscular dystrophy ("MD"). Broad term for a genetic (inherited) muscle disorder. Muscular dystrophy affects skeletal muscles and other organ systems. Over time, the muscles degenerate and are replaced by fatty deposits. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The most common form of muscular dystrophy. Usually, DMD affects only males.

Becker muscular dystrophy. Similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but it is usually milder and symptoms appear later in life.

Trichinosis. Infection caused by a parasite that lives in raw meat. Symptoms may include muscle pain.

Toxoplasmosis Infection caused by a parasite that invades the tissue and can damage the central nervous system, especially in babies.

Myasthenia gravis (MG). A complex autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy neuromuscular connections. This causes problems with the nerves that communicate with the muscles. MG affects the voluntary muscles of the body, especially the eyes, mouth, throat, and extremities.

Polymyositis. Chronic disease that affects the skeletal muscles.

Dermatomyositis Collagen metabolism disorder that causes inflammation of the skin, muscles, and subcutaneous tissue, often leading to muscle weakness.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ALS is a disease that attacks the nerves that control voluntary muscle movement and, over time, causes paralysis.

Friedreich's ataxia. An inherited genetic disorder that affects balance and coordination.

Your doctor may recommend a muscle biopsy for other reasons.

Musculoskeletal Biopsy

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Ultrasound is known to be an imaging study with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ovarian tumors, which in turn presents characteristics that suggest benignity or malignancy, with a reliability of 70% to 90%.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy in patients with bulky ovarian tumors.

Percutaneous biopsy in these patients, if it allows histological diagnosis to indicate neoadjuvant treatment.

Ovary Biopsy

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Peritoneal Carcinomatosis or Carcinosis of the Peritoneum (PC) is defined by any tumor spread that affects, in a localized or massive way, the serosa of the peritoneum and neighboring organs. Mostly it can have two origins, on the one hand, the same peritoneum (Pseudomyxoma, Mesothelioma) and on the other, an origin in tumors of the digestive or gynecological tract.

The percutaneous biopsy guided by ultrasound to determine the histological type, and therefore accelerate the initiation of the appropriate neo-adjuvant treatment.

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Biopsy

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A kidney biopsy is a procedure to remove a small sample of kidney tissue that can be examined under a microscope for signs of injury or disease.

Your doctor may recommend a kidney biopsy (also called a "kidney biopsy") to diagnose a suspected kidney disorder. It could also be used to determine the severity of kidney disease or to monitor kidney disease treatment. You may also need a kidney biopsy if you had a kidney transplant that is not working properly.

Indications
The indications vary according to the criteria of the nephrologists and the clinical characteristics of the patients. Depending on the presenting symptoms, the cost effectiveness of the procedure will differ. Together with the pathological diagnosis, the biopsy should help to establish a prognosis and, sometimes, to assess the results of the treatments. When there is kidney failure and, above all, a decrease in the size of the kidneys, the effectiveness is lower and the risk of bleeding is higher. There are four groups of patients that will clearly benefit from a kidney biopsy which are:
- Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS).
- Patients with systemic diseases and signs of kidney disease, for evaluation of kidney involvement (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma).
- Patients with acute renal failure of unclear cause, especially when a glomerular or microvascular parenchymal cause is suspected.
- Patients with a kidney transplant. The differentiation between acute rejection, acute tubular necrosis, and nephrotoxicity.

Renal Biopsy

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An ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy of the thyroid uses sound waves to help locate a needle into a nodule or abnormality inside the thyroid to remove a tissue sample for analysis under a microscope.

ADVANTAGE:
Safe
Fast
High sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy
Requires little equipment
Causes minimal discomfort to the patient and, in most cases, does not require anesthesia or sedation
Can be performed in both inpatients and outpatients
Reduces the time and number of admissions for diagnostic procedures
It allows to better plan the surgery and obtain the informed consent of the patient or their representatives
Eliminates the need, in many cases, for intraoperative biopsy
Reduces the incidence of laparotomies and exploratory thoracotomies
Allows a definitive diagnosis in non-operable patients
Can be repeated as many times as necessary
Very good cost-benefit ratio

Thyroid Biopsy

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It consists of obtaining small samples of the prostate to know precisely if the elevation of the prostate antigen (PSA) is due to benign prostatic growth or there are malignant cells. We introduce an ultrasound probe through the rectum and guided by ultrasound we puncture the prostate through the rectum to take 12 to 18 small fragments from different areas of your prostate. So we perform a detailed sampling of your entire prostate to determine if there are malignant cells.

The indication is given in the following cases:
- Suspicious or doubtful rectal examination or presence of hard nodule
- PSA> 4.0 ng / ml or PSA speed (annual variation)> 0.4 to 0.75ng / ml / year.
- Patient who had a previous normal biopsy, but the PSA continues to rise or a suspicious rectal examination persists.

Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

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